{"id":2833,"date":"2015-05-06T14:48:58","date_gmt":"2015-05-06T14:48:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.societateamuzicala.ro\/societateaculturala\/?p=2833"},"modified":"2015-09-28T18:42:02","modified_gmt":"2015-09-28T18:42:02","slug":"mozart-o-viata-o-recenzie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.societateamuzicala.ro\/societateaculturala\/mozart-o-viata-o-recenzie","title":{"rendered":"Mozart. O viata. O recenzie"},"content":{"rendered":"

O traducer\"mozart---o-viata_1_fullsize\"<\/a>e binevenit\u0103, cartea istoricului \u0219i jurnalistului politic Paul Johnson, Mozart. O via\u021b\u0103, la editura Humanitas, acela\u0219i autor care a fost descoperit de cititorii din Rom\u00e2nia printr-o alt\u0103 traducere, de la aceea\u0219i editur\u0103, a volumului Intelectualii (mai ales c\u0103 Intelectualii confirm\u0103 \u0219i completeaz\u0103 o bun\u0103 parte din perspectiva general\u0103 a lui Lucian Boia din Capcanele istoriei. Elita intelectuala romaneasca intre 1930 si 1950, o lucrare care a st\u00e2rnit multe dezbateri la vremea apari\u021biei, nestinse nici acum). Probabil c\u0103 aceast\u0103 nou\u0103 apari\u021bie editorial\u0103 vine cumva \u00een siajul unei cereri create de Intelectualii, de\u0219i nu este dec\u00e2t o alt\u0103 dimensiune, diferit\u0103, a complexit\u0103\u021bii personalit\u0103\u021bii autorului ei. Afirm c\u0103 este binevenit acest demers pentru c\u0103 literatura muzicologic\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 este, \u00een cea mai mare parte, deplorabil\u0103. Se public\u0103 aproape exclusiv biografii \u0219i mai nimic din ceea ce ar putea face o educa\u021bie muzical\u0103 de bun sim\u021b. O compara\u021bie \u00eentre titlurile de succes ap\u0103rute \u00een lume \u0219i cele de la noi este complexant\u0103. \u00cen aceast\u0103 regul\u0103 general\u0103 a public\u0103rii de biografii se \u00eenscrie \u0219i Mozart. O via\u021b\u0103, ceea ce m\u0103 face s\u0103 cred c\u0103 schimbarea politicilor editoriale de la noi, care nu cred c\u0103 scrierile despre muzic\u0103 pot aduce profit, nu se va produce prea cur\u00e2nd.<\/p>\n

Cartea lui Paul Johnson este foarte concis\u0103, dar captivant\u0103. Autorul nu se pierde \u00een detalii biografice \u0219i enumer\u0103 alert o mare parte a catalogului K\u00f6chel, \u00eens\u0103 e departe de a face doar o list\u0103 de date \u0219i de coresponden\u021be \u00eentre via\u021ba \u0219i opera celui mai mare compozitor care a existat vreodat\u0103. Sunt multe observa\u021bii pe care Johnson le face asupra diverselor compozi\u021bii, din diverse perspective cu care nu suntem obi\u0219nui\u021bi. Unul dintre capitole se intituleaz\u0103 Maestru al instrumentelor<\/em>,\u00a0\u00een care afl\u0103m c\u0103 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart era un excelent cunosc\u0103tor al tuturor instrumentelor, ceea ce explic\u0103 incredibila ingeniozitate a compozi\u021biilor sale, \u00een special a concertelor, \u00een care posibilit\u0103\u021bile de exprimare ale oboiului, fagotului, flautului sau clarinetului, dar mai ales a viorii, prin cele cinci concerte dedicate ei, au fost practic testate exhaustiv. Foarte\u00a0interesant\u0103 este\u00a0preferin\u021ba compozitorului pentru viol\u0103, pentru care a scris Simfonia concertant\u0103<\/em>, care punea \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 tocmai poezia acestui instrument condamnat p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci s\u0103 nu evad<\/p>\n

Un subiect dac\u0103 nu tabu, atunci complet ne\u00een\u021beles \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, este francmasoneria, asociat\u0103 mereu cu teoriile conspira\u021bioniste. Mozart, la fel ca o mare parte a intelectualit\u0103\u021bii europene din secolele XVIII \u0219i XIX, a fost \u00eens\u0103 mason \u0219i a compus muzic\u0103 masonic\u0103. Die Zauberfl\u00f6te<\/em>\u00a0este poate cel mai concret exemplu.<\/p>\n

Compozi\u021bia trebuie raportat\u0103 la fundalul ei istoric: declan\u0219area Revolu\u021biei Franceze. \u00cen[tre] anii 1770 \u0219i 1780, Europa se confruntase cu dou\u0103 alegeri: reforma venit\u0103 de sus sau revolu\u021bia pornit\u0103 de jos. Despo\u021bii lumina\u021bi, inclusiv cei din Austria, luaser\u0103 calea reformei. Mul\u021bi dintre ei erau francmasoni [\u2026]. Ideea era c\u0103, dac\u0103 to\u021bi cei din pozi\u021biile-cheie ar fi \u00a0masoni, reformele ra\u021bionale ar putea fi realizate \u0219i revolu\u021bia ar fi inutil\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n

Paul Johnson a fost educat la un colegiu iezuit,\u00a0Stonyhurst College, ceea ce face ca discursul s\u0103u pe marginea muzicii sacre compuse de Amadeus s\u0103 fie foarte interesant, cu at\u00e2t mai mult cu c\u00e2t ea este pus\u0103 \u00een oglind\u0103 la un moment dat cu apartenen\u021ba la francmasonerie.<\/p>\n

Ne izbe\u0219te totu\u0219i ceva: lucrarea <\/em>(este vorba de opera Die Zauberfl\u00f6te<\/em>, n.n.) nu are \u00een principiu nimic comun cu muzica lui religioas\u0103. E ca \u0219i cum ar fi tr\u0103it \u00een dou\u0103 universuri distincte \u0219i pe care le \u021binea cu totul separat unul de cel\u0103lalt, intelectual \u0219i emo\u021bional. Nu li se permite niciodat\u0103 s\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2lneasc\u0103, fiindc\u0103 ar fi un p\u0103cat. Mozart era foarte con\u0219tient de conflictul posibil \u00eentre francmasonerie \u0219i catolicism \u0219i c\u0103uta cu orice pre\u021b s\u0103-l evite. Pentru el, francmasoneria era o convingere intelectual\u0103, apar\u021bin\u00e2nd \u00eentru totul acestei lumi. Catolicismul era o convingere supranatural\u0103, \u00eendreptat\u0103 spre via\u021ba viitoare.<\/em><\/p>\n

Pentru un cititor care nu este meloman, dar ar vrea s\u0103-l descopere pe Mozart, lectura acestui volum este foarte recomandabil\u0103, dar cartea nu este pentru necunosc\u0103tori. Num\u0103rul compozi\u021biilor analizate, fie \u0219i pe scurt, este destul de mare \u0219i necesit\u0103 concentrare din partea unui consumator accidental de muzic\u0103. Aici este de f\u0103cut \u0219i un mic repro\u0219 traducerii altfel excelente a doamnei Liliana Donose Samuelsson. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, un concert pentru pian, cum ar fi K.466, este cunoscut sub numele de Concertul num\u0103rul 21 pentru pian \u0219i orchestr\u0103<\/em> sau dup\u0103 subtitlul Elvira Madigan<\/em>\u00a0(un apocrif datorat filmului cu acela\u0219i nume al lui Ingmar Bergman, care avea drept coloan\u0103 sonor\u0103 Andantele<\/em> din partea a doua a compozi\u021biei). Pentru cei mai mul\u021bi dintre cititori, folosirea denumirii anglo-saxone obi\u0219nuite, aceea de Concertul pentru pian \u00een Do major<\/em>, nu-l face deloc u\u0219or de recunoscut. \u0218i a\u0219a este cazul cu aproape toate lucr\u0103rile orchestrale, greu de identificat \u00een aceast\u0103 taxonomie. Poate c\u0103 un referent de specialitate (inexistent \u00een caseta tehnic\u0103 a volumului de la Humanitas) ar fi fost util.<\/p>\n

Cartea cuprinde \u0219i o anex\u0103, scris\u0103 de fiul lui Paul Johnson, Daniel, despre Mozart la Londra. <\/em>Un detaliu mai pu\u021bin cunoscut la noi este acela c\u0103 britanicii au \u0219i ei complexele lor, printre care acela c\u0103 Anglia este o \u021bar\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 muzic\u0103 (das Land ohne Musik<\/em>), din cauza absen\u021bei unor mari compozitori \u00een perioada cea mai prolific\u0103 a romantismului. Dar ce-am putea spune despre Anglia \u00eens\u0103\u0219i, care n-a produs nici un compozitor de prim\u0103 m\u0103rime \u00een cele dou\u0103 secole dintre Henry Purcell \u0219i sir Edward Elgar?<\/em> se \u00eentreab\u0103 autorul care, spre deosebire de abordarea integratoare a Fran\u021bei, ce \u00ee\u0219i asum\u0103 inclusiv opera lui Enescu, Oedipe<\/em>, \u00een patrimoniul ei cultural, omite s\u0103 accentueze \u00een vreun fel perioada englez\u0103 a lui Joseph Haydn sau na\u021bionalizarea lui Georg Friedrich Haendel. Eseul lui Daniel Johnson pune pe tapet inclusiv contra-factualizarea istoric\u0103 a unei influen\u021be pe care ar fi putut-o avea Mozart asupra muzicii britanice, dac\u0103 ar fi decis s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103, fie \u0219i pentru o perioad\u0103, la Londra, \u00een perioada de maturitate a vie\u021bii sale, \u0219i nu doar \u00een epoca de copil minune (la v\u00e2rsta de 8 ani), c\u00e2nd a locuit, vreme de un an, \u00een capitala Regatului Britanic.\u00a0E un complex asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu acela al rom\u00e2nilor legat de c\u00e2\u0219tigarea Premiului Nobel pentru literatur\u0103, ceea ce poate face \u0219i mai interesant\u0103 parcurgerea acestei c\u0103r\u021bi. Pentru c\u0103 ea relev\u0103 o latur\u0103 a intelectualit\u0103\u021bii occidentale, aproape inexistent\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: aceea de a putea vorbi firesc \u0219i competent despre muzica clasic\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00centr-un fel, cartea lui Paul Johnson completeaz\u0103 imaginea pe care o putem avea despre Mozart dup\u0103 ce Humanitas a mai tradus acum c\u00e2\u021biva ani un alt volum, al lui Andr\u00e9 Tubeuf, marele muzicolog francez, Mozart. Drumuri \u0219i c\u00e2nturi<\/span><\/em><\/a>, axat mai mult pe biografie \u0219i cu un discurs mai poetic, specific literaturii muzicale franceze, dar \u0219i cele mai interesante Scrisori<\/span><\/em><\/a> ale compozitorului. Probabil c\u0103 nu vom avea prea cur\u00e2nd o traducere a foarte complexei lucr\u0103ri scrise de\u00a0Georges de\u00a0Saint-Foix \u0219i\u00a0Th\u00e9odore de\u00a0Wyzewa, Mozart<\/span><\/em><\/a>\u00a0 (Paris, ed. Bouquins, 1980, 2011), \u00een dou\u0103 volume, \u00eensum\u00e2nd aproape dou\u0103 mii de pagini, a\u0219a c\u0103 ne vom mul\u021bumi doar cu aceste eseuri.<\/p>\n

\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, de\u0219i muzica lui Mozart este apreciat\u0103, totu\u0219i operele sale sunt destul de rar programate \u00een stagiuni \u0219i, din p\u0103cate, produc\u021biile sunt desuete. Situa\u021bia este pe cale s\u0103 se schimbe, cel pu\u021bin \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te Opera Na\u021bional\u0103 Bucure\u0219ti. \u00cens\u0103, \u00eentr-o \u021bar\u0103 care \u201eproduce\u201d voci lejere \u0219i lirice de foarte bun\u0103 calitate, deseori ajung\u00e2nd \u00een topul mondial, faptul c\u0103 Mozart nu este principalul cal de b\u0103taie al teatrelor de oper\u0103, mai ales \u00een provincie, surprinde, \u00eentocmai ca un paradox rom\u00e2nesc. \u0218i privind a\u0219a, alertul \u0219i captivantul volum al\u00a0lui Paul Johnson este cu at\u00e2t mai binevenit \u0219i chiar necesar.<\/p>\n

De salutat \u0219i faptul c\u0103 volumul are parte \u0219i de o edi\u021bie electronic\u0103 pentru IOS (pe iTunes<\/span><\/a>) sau alte platforme\u00a0(pe Elefant.ro<\/span><\/a>), ceea ce-l face \u0219i mai disponibil, inclusiv dup\u0103 epuizarea tirajului tip\u0103rit. P\u0103cat c\u0103 Intelectualii<\/em> nu are parte de digitalizare, cum nici cartea lui Andr\u00e9 Tubeuf \u0219i nici Scrisorile<\/em> lui Mozart nu au.<\/p>\n

\u00cen final, redau un citat din Mozart. O via\u021b\u0103<\/em>, care mi-a pl\u0103cut cel mai mult:<\/p>\n

\u00cen general, reu\u0219ea chiar \u00een anii tinere\u021bii s\u0103-i ademeneasc\u0103 \u0219i pe cei mai recalcitran\u021bi instrumenti\u0219ti s\u0103 se conformeze dorin\u021belor lui, dar de data asta repeti\u021bia a fost un dezastru. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, Mozart s-a rugat cu ardoare lui Dumnezeu \u0219i i-a promis s\u0103 recite un rozar dac\u0103 lucrurile vor merge bine la premier\u0103. \u0218i, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, muzicienii francezi nu i-au putut rezista mult timp, reprezenta\u021bia a fost splendid\u0103, \u0219i Mozart \u0219i-a pl\u0103tit datoria promis\u0103 lui Dumnezeu. Nu era deloc o peniten\u021b\u0103 u\u0219oar\u0103, deoarece un rozar complet cuprinde Mistere de Bucurie, Triste\u021be \u0219i Glorie \u2013 fiecare cu cinci decade -, 15 Tat\u0103l Nostru, 150 de Ave Maria, 15 Glorii, rostite probabil \u00een biserica penitentului, Notre Dame de Lorette, de la cap\u0103tul str\u0103zii Pigalle. Dar dup\u0103 ce s-a achitat de datorie, Mozart a considerat c\u0103 merit\u0103 \u0219i el o recompens\u0103 pentru succesul simfoniei, a\u0219a c\u0103 a f\u0103cut o plimbare p\u00e2n\u0103 la vestitul salon de \u00eenghe\u021bat\u0103 de la Palais Royal, unde aveau cea mai grozav\u0103 tutti-frutti din lume, \u0219i-a cump\u0103rat una \u0219i a savurat-o. (Poveste\u0219te despre asta \u00eentr-o scrisoare.) Salonul acela era \u00eenc\u0103 prosper c\u00e2nd englezii au invadat Parisul la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul R\u0103zboaielor Napoleoniene, dar azi nu mai exist\u0103. \u00cen locul lui se afl\u0103 acum un restaurant renumit, care serve\u0219te \u0219i \u00eenghe\u021bate excelente, a\u0219a c\u0103 dac\u0103 apuc s\u0103 termin cu bine cartea asta o s\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nc \u0219i eu una, \u00een cinstea lui Mozart \u0219i a combina\u021biei minunate \u00eentre cea mai \u00eenalt\u0103 art\u0103 posibil\u0103 \u0219i tenta\u021biile simplelor pl\u0103ceri copil\u0103re\u0219ti.<\/em><\/p>\n

Iar\u00a0eu, nefiind obi\u0219nuit s\u0103 scriu recenzii de carte, pentru c\u0103 am ajuns la final, voi face acela\u0219i lucru: plec chiar acum s\u0103-mi cump\u0103r o \u00eenghe\u021bat\u0103!<\/p>\n

Sursa: blogul Despre Opera<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O traducere binevenit\u0103, cartea istoricului \u0219i jurnalistului politic Paul Johnson, Mozart. O via\u021b\u0103, la editura Humanitas, acela\u0219i autor care a fost descoperit de cititorii din Rom\u00e2nia printr-o alt\u0103 traducere, de la aceea\u0219i editur\u0103, a volumului Intelectualii (mai ales c\u0103 Intelectualii confirm\u0103 \u0219i completeaz\u0103 o bun\u0103 parte din perspectiva general\u0103 a lui Lucian Boia din Capcanele […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[703,702,332,281,200,669,333,282,283,581,196,197,201,198,199,280,272,290,284,289,195,358,334,222],"class_list":["post-2833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole","tag-alexandru-patrascu","tag-articole","tag-compozitor","tag-concert-cameral","tag-concerte-muzica-clasica","tag-conservator","tag-dirijor","tag-festival","tag-instrumentisti","tag-mozart","tag-muzica","tag-muzica-clasica","tag-muzica-clasica-romania","tag-muzica-culta","tag-muzica-simfonica","tag-muzician","tag-opera","tag-orchestra","tag-pianist","tag-simfonie","tag-societatea-muzicala","tag-sonata","tag-stagiune","tag-violonist"],"acf":{"poza_fixa":"https:\/\/www.societateamuzicala.ro\/societateaculturala\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Wolfgang-Amadeus-Mozart-cu-familia.jpg","oras":"","pian":false,"orga":false,"data1":"1429228800","data2":"","coordonate":false,"afiseaza_data_post":true,"in_strainatate":false,"articole_relationate":""},"yoast_head":"\nMozart. 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O via\u021b\u0103, la editura Humanitas, acela\u0219i autor care a fost descoperit de cititorii din Rom\u00e2nia printr-o alt\u0103 traducere, de la aceea\u0219i editur\u0103, a volumului Intelectualii (mai ales c\u0103 Intelectualii confirm\u0103 \u0219i completeaz\u0103 o bun\u0103 parte din perspectiva general\u0103 a lui Lucian Boia din Capcanele […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.societateamuzicala.ro\/societateaculturala\/mozart-o-viata-o-recenzie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Societatea Culturala\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-05-06T14:48:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-09-28T18:42:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.societateamuzicala.ro\/societateaculturala\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/mozart-o-viata_1_fullsize-195x300.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Catoi Daniel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scris de\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Catoi Daniel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.societateamuzicala.ro\\\/societateaculturala\\\/mozart-o-viata-o-recenzie#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.societateamuzicala.ro\\\/societateaculturala\\\/mozart-o-viata-o-recenzie\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Catoi Daniel\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.societateamuzicala.ro\\\/societateaculturala\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0608b1774a3787abb7ff1d5e8d1b84eb\"},\"headline\":\"Mozart. 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